This paper proposes ATEX-CF, a novel framework that integrates adversarial insights into counterfactual explanation generation for graph neural networks (GNNs). It demonstrates …
This work develops a hybrid Luenberger–sliding mode observer for crankshaft acceleration estimation, enabling fast and accurate misfire fault detection.
This paper applies a data-driven NARMA-L2 model to SCR systems, enabling accurate urea injection control and demonstrating superior performance over traditional PID in simulations.
This study proposes an optimized Luenberger sliding mode observer using crankshaft angular speed to estimate engine indicated torque under NEDC, with Lyapunov-proven convergence …